Introduction

Ce travail, supervisé par le professeur monsieur Grégoire, consiste à développer une compréhension face à l’analyse d’une base de données massive contenant des applications de pesticides sur les terrains de golf afin de comprendre les facteurs influençant l’utilisation de ces produits. Afin d’arriver à cet objectif, on utilise le jeu de données Golf ouuu

Analyse exploratoire des données

Premièrement, On va importé le jeu de données et on va regardé sa structure ainsi que le résumé de ses variables afin de détecter la présence d’anomalies. Les sections suivantes présenteront les différentes manipulations effectuées pour corriger les données.

Nettoyage des données

Voici le type des variables du jeu de données :

str(data)
## tibble [53,054 × 15] (S3: tbl_df/tbl/data.frame)
##  $ Region                                        : num [1:53054] 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 ...
##  $ Number of holes                               : num [1:53054] 27 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 ...
##  $ Golf course ID                                : num [1:53054] 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ...
##  $ Year                                          : num [1:53054] 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 ...
##  $ Pesticide type                                : chr [1:53054] "DM" "F" "F" "F" ...
##  $ Commercial name                               : chr [1:53054] NA "QUINTOZENE (TERRACLOR) 75% WETTABLE POWDER" "DACONIL 2787 FLOWABLE FUNGICIDE" "PROTURF GRANULAR FUNGICIDE X CONTAINING IPRODIONE" ...
##  $ Usage                                         : chr [1:53054] NA "A" "C" "C" ...
##  $ Registration number                           : chr [1:53054] NA "7251" "15724" "23494" ...
##  $ Quantity (Kg or L)                            : num [1:53054] NA 1187 534.75 0.62 120 ...
##  $ Treated area (m2)                             : chr [1:53054] NA NA NA NA ...
##  $ Active ingredient                             : chr [1:53054] NA "quintozène" "chlorothalonil" "iprodione" ...
##  $ Active ingredient concentration(%)            : num [1:53054] NA 0.75 0.404 0.013 0.24 0.5 0.4 0.143 0.24 0.8 ...
##  $ Active ingredient total(kg)                   : num [1:53054] 0 890.25 216.039 0.00806 28.8 ...
##  $ Actual applied ingredient rate (kg per 100 m2): chr [1:53054] "." "." "." "." ...
##  $ Max label rate (kg per 100 m2)                : num [1:53054] NA 0.1875 0.202 0.0458 0.09 ...

Avant la manupulation des données, on va suprimer les variables : Commercial name, Usage et Registration number qui ne sont pas utilent pour notre analyse.

On va maintenant convertir les variables : Region, Golf_course_ID, Year, Pesticide_type et Active ingredient en facteur. Cependant, il faut apporter des modification sur les variable de type string parce qu’il y’a des doublons qui sont en miniscule et des lettres manquante. Voici un exemple :

##  [1] "DM" "F"  "H"  "I"  "Ro" "RC" "dm" "RO" "Rc" NA   "A"  "O"

On va traiter les facteur de la variable Active ingredient

Traitement de l’ingredient : MECOPROP

x
MÉCOPROP-P AMINE
MÉCOPROP-P SELS POTASSIUM
MÉCOPROP DIMÉTHYLAMINE
MÉCOPROP D AMINE
MÉCOPROP ESTER
MÉCOPROP-D SELS POTASSIUM
MÉCOPROP-P DIMÉTHYLAMINE
MÉCOPROP (STÉRÉOISOMÈRE-D), PRÉSENT SOUS FORME DE SELS D’AMINE
MÉCOPROP (STÉRÉOISOMÈRE-D), PRÉSENT SOUS FORME DE SEL DE POTASSIUM
MÉCOPROP-P, PRÉSENT SOUS FORME DE SELS DE POTASSIUM
MÉCOPROP (STÉRÉOISOMÈRE-D), PRÉSENT SOUS FORME D’ACIDE
MÉCOPROP (SELS D’AMINE)
MÉCOPROP-P (SEL DE POTASSIUM)
MÉCOPROP-P (SEL DE DIMÉTHYLAMINE)

Traitement de l’ingresdient : 2,4-D

x
2,4-D AMINE
2,4-D DIMÉTHYLAMINE
2,4-D ACIDE
2,4-D ESTER
2,4-D (DIMÉTHYLAMINE)
2,4-D, PRÉSENT SOUS FORME DES SELS D’AMINE (DIMÉTHYLAMINE, DIÉTHANOLAMINE, OU D’AUTRES SELS D’AMINE)
2,4-D, PRÉSENT SOUS FORME D’ACIDE
2,4-D PRESENT SOUS FORME D’ESTERS PEU VOLITILS
2,4-D (SEL DE DIMÉTHYLAMINE)

Traitement de l’ingresdient : DICAMBA

x
DICAMBA
DICAMBA ACIDE
DICAMBA AMINE
DICAMBA DIMÉTHYLAMINE
DICAMBA (PRÉSENT SOUS LA FORME DE SEL DE DIGLYCOLAMINE)
DICAMBA, PRÉSENT SOUS FORME D’ACIDE, DE SEL DE DIÉTHANOLAMINE, DE SEL DE DIMÉTHYLAMINE, OU D’ESTER DE BUTOXYÉTHYLE
DICAMBA, PRÉSENT SOUS FORME DE SEL DE DIGLYCOLAMINE

Traitement de l’ingresdient : GLYPHOSATE

x
GLYPHOSATE
GLYPHOSATE (PRESENT AS POTASSIUM SALT)
GLYPHOSATE (PRÉSENT SOUS FORME ISOPROPYLAMINE)
GLYPHOSATE (PRÉSENT SOUS FORME ISOPROPYLAMINE OU ÉTANOLAMINE)
GLYPHOSATE (PRÉSENT SOUS FORME DE SEL MONO-AMMONIUM OU DE SEL DIAMMONIUM)
GLYPHOSATE (SOUS FORME DE SEL DE TRIMÉTHYLSULFONIUM)
GLYPHOSATE SEL DE POTASSIUM
GLYPHOSATE (PRÉSENT SOUS FORME DE SEL D’ISOPROPYLAMINE)
GLYPHOSATE, 360 GRAMMES D’ÉQUIVALENT ACIDE PAR LITRE PRÉSENT À L’ÉTAT DE SEL ISOPROPYLAMINE
GLYPHOSATE (SELS D’AMINE)
GLYPHOSATE (SEL DE POTASSIUM)

Traitement des doublures dans la variable Active ingredient

  • Après le nettoyage, notre jeu de données est prêt pour l’analyse. Voici à quoi ressemble notre jeu de données
Region Number of holes Golf course ID Year Pesticide type Quantity (Kg or L) Treated area (m2) Active ingredient Active ingredient concentration(%) Active ingredient total(kg) Actual applied ingredient rate (kg per 100 m2) Max label rate (kg per 100 m2)
14 0 382 2017 F 30.1 13006 CHLOROTHALONIL 0.3620 10.89620 8.3778256 10.860
14 0 382 2017 F 30.1 13006 PROPICONAZOLE 0.0570 1.71570 1.3191604 1.710
14 0 382 2017 F 30.1 13006 FLUDIOXONIL 0.0145 0.43645 0.3355759 0.435
14 0 382 2017 F 2.1 6039 TRITICONAZOLE 0.2000 0.42000 0.6954794 0.640
14 0 382 2017 F 2.0 12077 MÉTALAXYL-M 0.2400 0.48000 0.3974497 0.768
14 0 382 2017 I 0.6 6039 CHLORANTRANILIPROLE 0.2000 0.12000 0.1987084 0.225

Les données manquantes

Totale des données manquantes pour chaque variable

Données manquantes
Quantity (Kg or L) 169
Treated area (m2) 8823
Active ingredient 185
Active ingredient concentration(%) 161
Active ingredient total(kg) 49
Actual applied ingredient rate (kg per 100 m2) 9440
Max label rate (kg per 100 m2) 475

Données manquantes par région

Quantity (Kg or L) Treated area (m2) Active ingredient Active ingredient concentration(%) Active ingredient total(kg) Actual applied ingredient rate (kg per 100 m2) Max label rate (kg per 100 m2)
15 461 15 15 3 493 17
8 31 8 8 3 32 11
5 614 3 3 0 633 32
18 258 25 18 9 258 19
2 453 2 2 1 453 37
5 419 5 5 0 419 11
7 2081 7 7 5 2612 36
5 325 6 6 4 325 8
5 77 5 5 2 77 7
2 14 2 2 0 14 5
9 207 8 8 4 207 10
8 424 4 4 0 440 7
1 132 1 1 0 135 13
3 375 3 3 1 376 50
31 949 29 29 1 955 92
38 1742 49 36 10 1750 100
7 261 13 9 6 261 20

Données manquantes par année

Quantity (Kg or L) Treated area (m2) Active ingredient Active ingredient concentration(%) Active ingredient total(kg) Actual applied ingredient rate (kg per 100 m2) Max label rate (kg per 100 m2)
2003 82 1098 82 82 22 1099 159
2004 47 1306 47 47 14 1307 125
2005 17 1442 17 17 8 1442 90
2006 9 681 19 9 1 682 25
2007 2 766 12 3 1 766 24
2008 1 734 7 0 0 734 16
2009 1 727 0 0 0 728 13
2010 0 736 0 0 0 737 10
2011 2 617 0 0 1 622 12
2012 0 232 0 0 0 233 0
2013 1 241 1 3 2 241 1
2014 1 241 0 0 0 241 0
2015 3 0 0 0 0 170 0
2016 1 0 0 0 0 209 0
2017 2 0 0 0 0 227 0

Données manquantes par Pesticide type

Quantity (Kg or L) Treated area (m2) Active ingredient Active ingredient concentration(%) Active ingredient total(kg) Actual applied ingredient rate (kg per 100 m2) Max label rate (kg per 100 m2)
A 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
DM 157 155 157 157 45 157 157
F 4 5506 20 0 0 5909 85
H 1 2056 0 1 2 2168 109
I 5 848 6 1 1 918 104
O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
RC 1 180 0 0 0 194 0
RO 0 75 0 0 0 91 18

D’après les graphiques et les tableaux, on remarque que la majorité des données manquantes sont dans les variables : Treated area (m2) et Actual applied ingredient rate (kg per 100 m2), plus précisement quand le pestecide est du type F, l’année 2013 2014 2015 et quand la région eest 7

Évolution de superficies traitées depuis 2003

Year Treated area (m2)
2003 41825367
2004 57001450
2005 62430443
2006 96406360
2007 98432678
2008 116992803
2009 124356383
2010 135986105
2011 150575036
2012 184104425
2013 166493484
2014 188782546
2015 196657724
2016 224339134
2017 221632180

Par région

Par terrain

Évolution des quantités des peticide appliquées

Par type

Par matière

Active ingredient Quantity (Kg or L).Min. Quantity (Kg or L).1st Qu. Quantity (Kg or L).Median Quantity (Kg or L).Mean Quantity (Kg or L).3rd Qu. Quantity (Kg or L).Max.
2,4-D ACIDE 0.6000000 7.0500000 14.4000000 26.6636364 35.0500000 83.0000000
2,4-D AMINE 0.0700000 12.4000000 25.6000000 33.3023194 50.0000000 97.3000000
2,4-D DIMETHYLAMINE 0.0300000 10.0000000 24.0000000 30.9051418 45.0000000 99.8000000
2,4-D ESTER 0.1750000 0.1750000 0.1750000 0.1750000 0.1750000 0.1750000
ACÉPHATE (O,S-DIMÉTHYL ACÉTYLPHOSPHORAMIDOTHIOATE) 0.0600000 0.4800000 0.9000000 1.3200000 1.9500000 3.0000000
ACÉTATE DE PHÉNYLMERCURE 2.6000000 2.6000000 7.8000000 8.3000000 13.5000000 15.0000000
ACIDE ACÉTIQUE 60.0000000 60.0000000 60.0000000 60.0000000 60.0000000 60.0000000
ACIDE BORIQUE 5% 18.4000000 18.4000000 18.4000000 18.4000000 18.4000000 18.4000000
ACIDE CITRIQUE (M) 18.0000000 25.7000000 33.4000000 33.4000000 41.1000000 48.8000000
ANTHRANILATE DE MÉTHYLE 6.9000000 8.4500000 10.0000000 12.3000000 15.0000000 20.0000000
AZOXYSTROBIN 0.0110000 1.6475000 3.8700000 6.5807209 7.8000000 75.0000000
BACILLUS SUBTILIS (SOUCHE QST 713) 0.0600000 9.4000000 14.3000000 18.0292857 20.0000000 60.0000000
BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS VAR. ISRAELENSIS 10.0000000 10.0000000 10.0000000 10.0000000 10.0000000 10.0000000
BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS VAR. KURSTAKI 7.0000000 7.0000000 7.0000000 7.0000000 7.0000000 7.0000000
BÉNOMYL 0.0010000 1.9625000 3.8000000 5.7424444 5.7250000 24.5000000
BENZOVINDIFLUPYR 0.0230000 1.1000000 1.8600000 4.8902889 7.2000000 18.8700000
BISPYRIBAC-SODIUM (KIH-2023) 0.0630000 0.1040000 0.1450000 0.1450000 0.1860000 0.2270000
BOSCALID 0.0130000 0.5000000 2.6500000 4.2030832 5.1000000 58.3200000
BRODIFACOUM 10.0000000 10.0000000 10.0000000 10.0000000 10.0000000 10.0000000
CAPTAN 4.8000000 9.3250000 25.0000000 26.5700000 44.0000000 50.0000000
CARBARYL 0.0090000 7.5000000 16.0000000 21.0947882 30.0000000 95.0000000
CARBATHIINE 0.4500000 25.0000000 34.0500000 35.7919780 45.0000000 96.3000000
CARFENTRAZONE-ETHYL 0.0080000 0.1700000 0.4000000 0.5367011 0.7150000 2.2000000
CHLORANTRANILIPROLE 0.0400000 1.0000000 1.8900000 3.8227004 3.7795000 42.0000000
CHLORHYDRATE DE PROPAMOCARBE 0.0080000 1.4050000 6.4000000 8.5608431 8.8000000 87.5000000
CHLORONEB 0.2000000 4.0000000 10.0000000 14.7805865 18.0000000 90.0000000
CHLOROPHACINONE 10.0000000 20.0000000 30.0000000 36.3839286 45.2500000 80.0000000
CHLOROTHALONIL 0.0100000 14.0000000 27.0000000 31.6054648 42.6000000 99.6000000
CHLORPYRIFOS 0.0110000 2.2000000 3.5000000 7.3148003 8.0000000 93.9000000
CLOTHIANIDINE 0.0230000 0.6000000 1.0800000 1.7864436 2.0250000 16.5000000
CYAZOFAMIDE 0.6250000 0.9125000 1.2000000 1.6083333 2.1000000 3.0000000
DAZOMET 97% 5.0000000 5.0000000 5.0000000 5.0000000 5.0000000 5.0000000
DELTAMETHRINE 0.0040000 0.7000000 1.2000000 1.5883667 2.0000000 24.7000000
DIAZINON 0.0300000 3.0000000 8.6000000 16.0951583 21.0000000 95.0000000
DICAMBA 0.0300000 8.0000000 20.0000000 26.7217967 40.0000000 99.8000000
DICAMBA ACIDE 22.7000000 22.7000000 22.7000000 22.7000000 22.7000000 22.7000000
DICAMBA AMINE 34.0000000 44.0500000 47.4000000 54.3220930 57.6720930 88.4883721
DICAMBA DIGLYCOLAMINE 4.1000000 5.7685000 7.4370000 35.5123333 51.2185000 95.0000000
DICAMBA DIMÉTHYLAMINE 0.0400000 9.8000000 24.0000000 30.8057623 46.3000000 99.5000000
DICHLOBENIL 2.3000000 10.0000000 22.7000000 29.5882353 45.0000000 75.0000000
DIPHACINONE 1.3000000 20.0000000 20.0000000 27.8513245 40.0000000 80.0000000
DIQUAT 0.2000000 0.4000000 0.4000000 7.0040000 11.3400000 22.6800000
DITHIOPYR 0.0450000 3.2000000 4.0000000 7.6064394 9.5250000 63.1000000
ETRIDIAZOLE 1.2500000 1.5600000 2.5000000 14.5420000 7.4000000 60.0000000
FÉNOXAPROP-P-ÉTHYL 0.0800000 0.4370000 1.0000000 1.4328400 1.1000000 14.2000000
FER 0.1000000 8.9250000 12.6500000 12.5375000 19.4000000 20.0000000
FLUDIOXONIL 0.1950000 14.4000000 30.0000000 34.0042197 43.2750000 99.4000000
FLUOPYRAM 8.9000000 16.5000000 20.0000000 24.2368182 30.0000000 56.0000000
FLUOXASTROBINE 0.3000000 1.0000000 1.5000000 2.2093103 2.5000000 8.0000000
FOSÉTYL-AL 0.0030000 7.8500000 15.8100000 20.2702663 27.1200000 99.6000000
GLYPHOSATE 0.1000000 1.4000000 4.5000000 9.4311340 10.0000000 64.6800000
GLYPHOSATE (SELS D’AMINE) 0.0600000 0.7000000 2.0000000 5.9091584 10.0000000 54.0000000
GLYPHOSATE (SOUS FORME DE SEL DE TRIMÉTHYLSULFONIUM) 0.1900000 0.9025000 1.6150000 1.6150000 2.3275000 3.0400000
GLYPHOSATE ISOPROPYLAMINE 0.0020000 1.7000000 5.0000000 9.1036573 12.0000000 70.1000000
GLYPHOSATE SEL DE POTASSIUM 0.2100000 0.2400000 2.1250000 3.6150000 5.5000000 10.0000000
HUILE MINERALE 0.4100000 20.0000000 39.7000000 40.5757248 60.0000000 97.7500000
HYDRAZIDE MALÉIQUE 10.0000000 12.9100000 13.0000000 13.1820000 15.0000000 15.0000000
IMIDACLOPRID 0.0060000 0.5400000 1.4400000 8.3267492 5.4000000 97.0000000
IPRODIONE 0.1500000 15.0000000 25.0000000 32.3475628 45.4000000 99.8000000
ISOFÉTAMIDE 0.4000000 1.9050000 6.0000000 15.6421333 20.7500000 85.6000000
LAMBDA-CYHALOTHRINE 0.0020000 0.2265000 0.4700000 0.8393668 0.9150000 8.0300000
MANCOZEBE 1.9000000 2.3500000 6.8000000 16.4750000 20.9250000 50.4000000
MANDESTROBINE 3.5800000 4.0500000 7.5000000 7.0966667 9.7500000 10.6000000
MECOPROP (D) DIMÉTHYLAMINE 0.2880000 10.0000000 26.0100000 32.0146759 45.2250000 96.5000000
MECOPROP (SELS D’AMINE) 0.3000000 13.5000000 24.0000000 30.8591453 45.0000000 90.0000000
MECOPROP SELS POTASSIUM 0.1800000 3.3250000 12.8250000 17.7058824 22.7000000 64.6300000
MECOPROP-D ACIDE 0.6000000 7.0500000 14.4000000 26.6636364 35.0500000 83.0000000
MECOPROP-D AMINE 0.0700000 10.1100000 24.6200000 31.6051443 45.7100000 98.2000000
MECOPROP-D SELS POTASSIUM 0.0090000 6.0000000 13.0000000 22.6096917 30.0000000 85.0000000
MECOPROP-P AMINE 0.1000000 14.8000000 31.1000000 35.8590156 51.2000000 99.5000000
MECOPROP-P DIMÉTHYLAMINE 0.0300000 10.0000000 20.0000000 27.0822981 40.0000000 99.8000000
MECOPROP-P SELS POTASSIUM 0.0300000 7.5250000 14.0000000 19.4391319 27.0000000 91.8000000
MÉLANGE DE SURFACTANTS 40.0000000 40.0000000 40.0000000 40.0000000 40.0000000 40.0000000
MÉTALAXYL 0.0600000 2.0000000 3.5500000 5.0614488 5.0000000 45.6700000
MÉTALAXYL-M 0.0300000 0.7775000 1.7790000 2.5210125 4.0000000 20.8000000
MÉTALAXYL-M ET ISOMÈRE-S 0.0900000 0.0900000 0.0900000 0.0900000 0.0900000 0.0900000
METCONAZOLE 0.1320000 1.0000000 1.7500000 4.6510833 6.2175000 30.2000000
MYCLOBUTANIL 0.0850000 1.4000000 2.7200000 9.7018997 9.0000000 95.7000000
OXYCARBOXINE 0.4500000 25.0000000 33.5000000 35.7687293 45.0000000 96.3000000
PARAQUAT 0.2000000 0.4000000 0.7000000 2.4944545 1.2250000 18.0000000
PENTHIOPYRADE 0.0800000 1.2500000 1.8720000 5.3669416 3.8375000 68.4100000
PERMÉTHRINE 3.7800000 5.6900000 7.6000000 7.1266667 8.8000000 10.0000000
PEROXYDE D’HYDROGÈNE 0.2000000 3.8750000 11.0000000 17.1090357 22.2100000 66.2000000
PHOSETYL-AL 0.5000000 5.7875000 12.0200000 17.0565435 22.6000000 83.1200000
PHOSPHITES DE SODIUM, DE POTASSIUM ET D’AMMONIUM (MONOBASIQUE ET DIBASIQUE) 17.0000000 18.5000000 20.0000000 19.0000000 20.0000000 20.0000000
PHOSPHURE DE ZINC 5.0000000 41.0000000 60.0000000 57.1666667 77.8500000 90.0000000
PROPAMOCARBE (CHLORHYDRATE DE) 0.5000000 2.9000000 3.8300000 6.8836735 7.7500000 37.9000000
PROPICONAZOLE 0.0260000 7.0000000 14.2000000 22.6425646 33.0000000 99.6400000
PYRACLOSTROBINE 0.0010000 2.1800000 3.3000000 5.5273029 6.2000000 84.0000000
PYRETHRINES 0.0700000 0.0825000 0.0950000 0.0950000 0.1075000 0.1200000
QUINTOZÈNE 0.2970000 20.0000000 40.0000000 41.2314147 60.0000000 99.9000000
SELS DE POTASSIUM D’ACIDES GRAS 0.0700000 0.0825000 0.0950000 0.0950000 0.1075000 0.1200000
TÉBUCONAZOLE 3.2000000 5.4000000 9.9000000 15.7352632 16.1650000 89.4000000
THIOPHANATE-MÉTHYL 0.0900000 3.7500000 6.6000000 11.1466194 12.4000000 97.4000000
THIRAME 0.4500000 24.5000000 33.5000000 35.5963934 45.0000000 96.3000000
TRIFLOXYSTROBIN 0.0070000 0.5000000 1.0000000 8.1516525 10.0000000 99.5000000
TRINEXAPAC-ÉTHYLE 0.0100000 0.6000000 1.8000000 6.0882975 4.7700000 99.0000000
TRITICONAZOLE 0.0900000 2.7000000 4.5000000 11.5445145 12.6250000 99.5000000

Évolution de l’indice de pression

Par région

Par terrain

Golf course ID Actual applied ingredient rate (kg per 100 m2).Min. Actual applied ingredient rate (kg per 100 m2).1st Qu. Actual applied ingredient rate (kg per 100 m2).Median Actual applied ingredient rate (kg per 100 m2).Mean Actual applied ingredient rate (kg per 100 m2).3rd Qu. Actual applied ingredient rate (kg per 100 m2).Max.
1 0.00862068966 0.23750000000 0.55047169811 1.31917406799 1.36471539855 9.81658536585
10 0.00127942403 0.18693000000 0.60075789474 1.41678194318 1.48196978543 9.79687500000
100 0.00040000000 0.25792717087 0.61571939848 1.35929457812 1.61019860205 8.68817204301
101 0.06315789474 0.38651250000 0.72620397714 1.19546650102 1.38495781146 9.90000000000
102 0.00131353353 0.29137974684 0.63273878021 1.65112963705 1.70955468750 9.86250000000
103 0.00130039819 0.25097774086 0.77957859407 1.59295213512 1.91452979516 8.88800000000
104 0.04561057290 0.43321160522 1.56411183484 2.03426541376 2.86953441183 8.98920000000
106 0.00129117551 0.44121428571 0.83833750000 1.99080896195 3.14491071429 9.96937333333
107 0.00141347629 0.32818181818 0.69818181818 1.44694507885 2.13818181818 8.72727272727
108 0.00140475113 0.30110480124 0.71464984391 1.37122471384 1.71984351739 9.02266666667
109 0.04489977464 0.21349780572 0.68319297829 1.68941518638 1.40962663931 9.55760586705
11 0.00100000000 0.25000000000 0.85909090909 2.13203977279 3.29247850877 9.32000000000
110 0.02787620543 0.29064400521 0.78818418766 2.18839264976 1.59469777185 9.38047493404
111 0.02432723358 0.32381368855 0.96975242196 2.17484832847 3.33453140498 8.82774248371
112 0.02828694275 0.45205592558 1.15983187294 2.78230380089 4.74654899298 9.91300829456
113 0.02645691414 0.23583167514 0.67139239498 1.53885055387 1.48138370105 9.86726771851
114 0.02065265454 0.24285532988 0.63946272899 1.58678241746 1.66344876464 9.71153846154
115 0.04865097589 0.22533189810 0.69788302835 1.69296385285 1.53923481298 8.72852529602
116 0.02201870616 0.25074560919 0.71534401333 2.17870072761 1.58426306518 9.84021823850
117 0.03548387097 0.44669574192 0.76216982216 2.06002404159 2.22150347273 9.36448849621
118 0.00337837838 0.32795156408 0.66121394748 2.06904730654 2.09200565262 9.96810207337
119 0.00500000000 0.39455831869 0.69230769231 2.15994079239 3.87897222222 9.60676923077
12 0.00351741119 0.28698442761 0.75422981983 2.46560951274 3.97449697773 9.69273507871
120 0.02246138119 0.34923785176 0.88876458497 1.68074542073 1.84068891281 9.17764652431
121 0.00000000000 0.24322297225 0.55695026748 1.41372664507 1.29300655517 9.61664917803
122 0.09869492471 0.44892011534 0.95311104380 1.78062903489 1.72265877287 9.56727664155
123 0.01321003963 0.18000516662 0.58412167672 1.41117031670 1.32604752842 9.70264239577
124 0.00107201284 0.31578947368 0.90000000000 1.86585740955 2.50789473684 9.15528865220
126 0.02432723358 0.30669743144 1.07659081372 1.98036114849 2.32508073197 9.64958577294
127 0.00100000000 0.40000000000 0.96439888164 2.08194823433 3.15120000000 9.38093482748
128 0.06250000000 0.40000000000 0.63333333333 2.46201940466 5.82500000000 6.85714285714
129 0.00511676046 0.36598493003 1.20559741658 2.53980844496 4.61105130965 9.31877594956
13 0.00124947938 0.18248759405 0.72331073420 1.65526452109 1.73363214343 9.71882041736
130 0.02211566689 0.19135029354 0.77857821446 2.30421621370 3.46211780196 9.82836363636
131 0.00055555556 0.20000000000 1.13595060578 1.82124112685 1.83954545455 9.84704842148
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312 0.00110002933 0.31662309703 0.66430878056 1.91283452003 1.74251883746 9.67976318622
313 0.03571715853 0.31235770877 1.20549860205 1.63858160089 2.14916674256 9.67450271248
314 0.00127490019 0.28125000000 1.20000000000 2.04069660622 3.69230769231 9.39534883721
315 0.04723240686 0.36516442722 0.73877423786 1.69033409844 1.72622791679 9.66391579955
316 0.03267345762 0.40889871228 1.16262648009 2.15567614481 2.58342303552 9.74053430713
317 0.03280645161 0.31030000000 0.85296875000 1.50702964860 1.70181818182 9.79393939394
318 0.00139328378 0.50000000000 1.33944289117 1.98049967616 3.14222222222 8.40000000000
319 0.00116106981 0.22272727273 0.53527272727 1.34677967948 1.85897727273 8.66666666667
32 0.00106382979 0.15758014265 0.66972144558 2.03491965733 1.55551401869 9.60822429907
320 0.00139328378 0.34285714286 0.53571428571 1.78140555090 1.71428571429 9.65333333333
323 0.06000000000 0.31222972973 0.64887076000 1.27327758760 1.29508918228 9.98130841121
324 0.02026066351 0.37848214286 0.69481187438 1.86827605145 1.83214285714 9.42666666667
327 0.20833333333 0.46990740741 1.84722222222 2.22885439605 3.83425925926 9.59500000000
329 0.03044230294 0.64881517871 0.95441067457 1.90691009692 1.97852272003 9.98270323697
33 0.00106382979 0.15758014265 0.66972144558 2.03491965733 1.55551401869 9.60822429907
330 0.11920316742 0.59278794403 1.44000000000 3.58981041777 5.51130247578 9.60000000000
331 0.00108366516 0.01205498602 0.01549926774 0.86799488457 0.54375000000 9.17066666667
332 0.13997827665 0.36697619048 0.57221428571 1.76768955230 2.04589285714 9.17066666667
333 0.00139801078 0.14119519563 0.61818181818 1.66869314049 1.86784615385 9.78600000000
334 0.00072244344 0.00879689560 0.55558333333 2.10436588441 1.16902500000 9.75936811168
337 0.26923537154 1.03606390054 3.28737988552 4.32619160204 7.75820066852 9.68718466196
338 0.02337931034 0.23518015151 0.61942307692 1.99134609048 2.32703774416 9.92483530503
339 0.13003981900 0.93447481085 2.05498575499 3.47848259805 6.58337321826 9.49259259259
34 0.12831342026 0.44369904186 1.09514386736 1.95449484306 2.79952160263 9.04171027059
340 0.08033647650 0.96282228295 4.24786967080 3.89519691428 6.25244618395 9.30151895706
341 0.00208397146 0.26164772727 0.60483637214 1.29139205942 1.28612162090 9.68709677419
342 0.02919268030 0.53460259897 0.82200060441 2.12363256222 2.84479603267 8.99468079719
343 0.00144488688 0.52727272727 1.20000000000 2.14090102705 2.85907692308 9.71638083974
344 0.02421428571 0.32144152593 0.76964477933 1.78589228448 1.86562162162 9.82898734177
345 0.00088715401 0.27295406773 0.64691358025 1.57534508292 1.79066666134 9.74144514346
347 0.10261930391 0.46824542519 1.23129039643 2.91861011606 5.41710800144 8.69752421959
348 0.03748125937 0.57281939387 1.35547320665 2.48035685930 3.95642552057 9.32000000000
349 0.01445086705 0.34021276596 1.03336921421 1.94826010807 2.39275852428 9.28841937413
35 0.05653905174 0.48671666667 1.43523501973 2.47537862118 4.00000000000 9.88340650993
350 0.01807692308 0.34352678571 0.77833929591 1.66335901678 1.72537342480 9.88538461538
351 0.01807063550 0.28687934902 0.54537559705 1.99299777896 2.84611680554 9.90382205514
352 0.00138517241 0.19638750000 0.55483660131 1.35467605734 1.35236674735 9.09541702797
358 0.41180000000 0.98385000000 1.95690000000 2.84772857143 3.14517857143 8.56000000000
36 0.02746961326 0.28195379852 0.50500000000 1.54268366657 1.46402172747 9.80512500000
360 0.12040723982 0.43808510638 1.27096530920 2.04820873748 1.72212765957 9.81818181818
362 0.00161741068 0.31004166667 0.78714285714 2.10660738061 3.48946604087 8.75592849325
363 0.00484285714 0.25907597047 0.74477851869 1.34447594919 1.60163883216 9.28108108108
364 0.11885359801 0.52083333333 0.67507921715 2.24829821552 4.27118644068 8.35919718601
365 0.13071956072 1.45415995422 9.10638297872 6.04572284566 9.10638297872 9.91489361702
367 0.10666666667 0.25737500000 1.35920833333 2.02567336745 2.65789473684 6.42550000000
368 0.06000000000 0.60072916667 1.33000000000 2.27725724638 1.61979166667 8.44666666667
369 0.00000000000 0.20442830638 0.72329916123 1.42816146173 1.39114539252 8.28293182983
37 0.14500000000 0.49028571429 0.76607142857 2.31309542372 2.34000000000 9.17928571429
371 0.01527536989 0.08825769269 0.16124001549 0.11548091850 0.16558369281 0.16992737013
372 0.08604845447 0.40658297914 0.68883042334 1.94759547141 3.06146854819 9.66276010524
373 0.00135458145 0.45158596838 1.48200000000 1.94070925407 2.48571428571 9.41200000000
374 0.00187500000 0.24230769231 0.42596296296 1.06836634206 1.14757803468 8.12798290598
375 0.10836651584 0.60274930103 2.75000000000 3.09166852179 4.22333333333 8.56000000000
376 5.57880055788 6.53184565318 7.48489074849 7.48489074849 8.43793584379 9.39098093910
377 0.00216733032 0.17620689655 0.40412037037 1.44874534334 1.45795268029 9.89466666667
379 0.11664856387 1.08567159200 6.49085037675 4.38500110312 6.52314316469 8.69752421959
38 0.00225000000 0.28658978456 0.60000000000 1.78374706132 1.66805625257 9.90000000000
382 0.04865097589 0.20365842177 0.40953133388 1.30727529596 0.81809318449 8.37782561895
39 0.03624528302 0.35223214286 0.66754385965 1.35907350534 1.26776715921 8.34933333333
4 0.00124260271 0.22058946026 0.44637398327 1.20745681659 1.55314098684 8.19754838710
40 0.00075000000 0.21706216801 0.40324324324 1.28781381075 1.12757366516 9.27391752577
41 0.03960000000 0.23645161290 0.49742086331 1.64516206917 1.70301609561 8.97389705882
42 0.02492647059 0.23147677850 0.53482874618 1.43375769576 1.34175000000 9.75562500000
43 0.02000000000 0.19213972431 0.49778754579 1.51412255887 1.59253693630 9.94483146067
44 0.00108366516 0.20000000000 0.51475000000 0.96418931555 1.42983597285 5.49440000000
45 0.02947826087 0.51805555556 2.50000000000 2.65222705314 4.30000000000 6.40000000000
46 0.04700000000 0.40200000000 0.61440000000 1.70421208743 1.72221428571 9.46000000000
47 0.03766666667 0.46684821429 1.32974745475 2.48339144389 3.98550000000 9.76000000000
48 0.00285714286 0.24397619048 0.63000000000 1.57495946614 1.76226178660 9.91636363636
49 0.02290220180 0.18098794549 0.46959477513 1.24746367780 1.19085737228 9.83571428571
5 0.00117881625 0.23445847953 0.60288000000 1.80288696372 2.14371212121 9.60000000000
50 0.01958333333 0.39660416667 0.81953618421 1.53861748587 2.42161956522 7.76666666667
51 0.00035714286 0.19547159091 0.61861112474 1.79992918645 1.74239878179 9.98571428571
52 0.03660768761 0.35149384886 0.72325152505 1.49959591141 1.49911260872 9.77693659592
53 0.00125000000 0.22903214455 0.56612378338 1.46981465979 1.45286165163 9.74674880219
54 0.00489284666 0.31000606428 0.78223220587 1.94051281579 1.73934734025 9.91320081176
55 0.00107642626 0.34445640474 0.96888342779 1.72604292052 1.82722222222 8.88888888889
56 0.00126215118 0.33000000000 0.68168015255 2.00458693494 2.20078915663 9.83963414634
57 0.00250000000 0.23636363636 0.73554955869 1.59989155218 1.81642728905 9.09000000000
58 0.05980145916 0.32198564593 0.72000000000 1.79029702637 1.74732644044 8.97777777778
59 0.03055355859 0.31795374224 0.76858887727 1.54280035289 1.60035087719 9.74165769645
6 0.00200000000 0.30720000000 0.68993945149 1.74346344210 1.67499394222 9.83115789474
60 0.00177115987 0.19729146499 0.64452529069 1.34535267938 1.42877851623 9.79882711009
61 0.05779547511 0.52800000000 1.06761085973 1.61535416437 1.88800000000 8.64000000000
62 0.14139219863 1.47422070743 3.17587237152 3.60868282158 6.25598836040 6.74245023007
63 0.00135458145 0.32031818182 0.87961666667 2.13622522389 1.87711363636 9.95500000000
64 0.13052631579 0.51475000000 2.08842105263 2.20910139134 3.31060000000 8.25000000000
65 0.02973684211 0.33431372549 0.64000000000 1.53017874290 1.79233333333 9.28000000000
66 0.01083665158 0.36100000000 0.60377777778 1.46535037020 2.55319148936 4.66000000000
67 0.08831547064 0.46795454545 0.51475000000 1.04882480345 1.83954545455 4.48000000000
69 0.00114070017 0.24375000000 0.48000000000 1.23289484835 1.41333333333 8.56733333333
7 0.00116247717 0.13684886364 0.41112500000 1.60748787418 2.01490909091 9.60000000000
70 0.16312500000 0.51475000000 1.43000000000 2.60788344595 4.80000000000 8.82375000000
71 0.00130039819 0.42920000000 0.64191428571 1.33563828483 1.76167582418 6.79446153846
72 0.13003509046 0.33929239985 0.82754716981 1.81041166094 3.76965555972 7.56271059528
73 0.02919205184 0.29581208247 0.78579894408 1.92513914165 2.53186358939 9.90312163617
74 0.03983050847 0.33323849295 0.82403180711 1.83242698400 1.48008808738 9.79393939394
75 0.00486021505 0.45870559742 1.34748046551 2.11294548982 2.92852991704 8.07319698601
76 0.05933544304 0.47696270152 1.29315789474 1.73613283640 1.93636363636 9.66507177033
78 0.11938405235 0.66403033770 1.03802895674 2.54526071046 1.26016499701 9.89769985605
79 0.00130633608 0.19067793708 0.71932773109 2.21880937785 1.67231404959 9.69886792453
8 0.04900000000 0.37558108108 0.79444444444 2.14031408874 3.68744444444 8.69752421959
81 0.08013545817 0.28667105263 0.64350000000 1.44686124783 1.48893331930 9.61904761905
83 0.01521739130 0.25238095238 0.66105263158 1.14435930040 1.34969767349 6.72000000000
84 0.04808510638 0.43808510638 0.83064516129 1.48292849564 1.72212765957 8.59574468085
85 0.10711681961 1.02883294554 1.21813107243 1.37347480235 2.31958079354 2.43337984664
86 0.06020000000 0.46795454545 1.02960000000 1.78022211059 1.83954545455 8.87912087912
87 0.09641319943 0.33082844575 0.71349419962 1.36687149497 1.46977072496 9.47255113025
88 0.06998913832 0.38026036875 0.76454234388 1.38570872085 1.47762944171 8.69752421959
89 0.00037500000 0.31822500000 1.15243497402 1.97399225613 2.80864133649 9.49400000000
9 0.02709162896 0.25455631477 0.55502917112 1.35800133247 1.45240795428 9.37500000000
90 0.00127490019 1.18132352941 3.36000000000 3.48501476321 4.89696969697 9.32000000000
91 0.03536452666 0.16228497241 0.60995171118 1.35043755948 1.37859138526 8.34575260805
92 0.01679729730 0.18816977612 0.50633333333 1.31233888567 1.47795945240 9.68421052632
95 0.00904545455 0.32204545455 0.54582555556 1.56124596434 1.56056383323 9.93531738849
98 0.02359663610 0.25090712576 0.61844484629 1.41991317903 1.37901723626 9.93392528062
99 0.00995555556 0.17740184842 0.46987347607 1.20512971653 1.49504604524 8.09698403312

valeur aberrante de la variable Quantity (Kg / L)

Il y’a 5 aberrante

Quantity (aberrante vs non-aberrante)

## 
##  Welch Two Sample t-test
## 
## data:  data_complet$`Quantity (Kg or L)`[indice_abr] and data_complet$`Quantity (Kg or L)`[-indice_abr]
## t = 4.2799, df = 1895.3, p-value = 0.00001963
## alternative hypothesis: true difference in means is not equal to 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
##  25.00627 67.30829
## sample estimates:
## mean of x mean of y 
##  96.91896  50.76167

Selon le test student, les moyennes sont difféntes

Moyenne des Quantity par ingredient

Active ingredient Quantity (Kg or L)
2,4-D AMINE 880.0559630
2,4-D DIMETHYLAMINE 96.0159615
ACÉPHATE (O,S-DIMÉTHYL ACÉTYLPHOSPHORAMIDOTHIOATE) 1.3200000
ACIDE ACÉTIQUE 60.0000000
ANTHRANILATE DE MÉTHYLE 15.0000000
AZOXYSTROBIN 43.1580000
BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS VAR. KURSTAKI 7.0000000
BENZOVINDIFLUPYR 33.3800000
BOSCALID 21.1050000
CAPTAN 37.1600000
CARBARYL 30.4343750
CARBATHIINE 101.2500000
CARFENTRAZONE-ETHYL 0.5430000
CHLORANTRANILIPROLE 14.5166667
CHLORONEB 178.5000000
CHLOROPHACINONE 70.6250000
CHLOROTHALONIL 250.6250000
CHLORPYRIFOS 13.1585393
CLOTHIANIDINE 6.0000000
DAZOMET 97% 5.0000000
DELTAMETHRINE 0.9285714
DIAZINON 11.9586875
DICAMBA 49.7727778
DICAMBA AMINE 988.3720930
DICAMBA DIGLYCOLAMINE 95.0000000
DICAMBA DIMÉTHYLAMINE 45.5981481
DIPHACINONE 47.6521739
DIQUAT 0.2000000
DITHIOPYR 20.4666667
FÉNOXAPROP-P-ÉTHYL 7.3500000
FLUDIOXONIL 192.5000000
FLUOXASTROBINE 6.5000000
FOSÉTYL-AL 28.9631306
GLYPHOSATE 26.4000000
GLYPHOSATE (SELS D’AMINE) 9.5392857
GLYPHOSATE ISOPROPYLAMINE 9.7953333
GLYPHOSATE SEL DE POTASSIUM 4.0000000
HYDRAZIDE MALÉIQUE 15.0000000
IMIDACLOPRID 329.1855263
IPRODIONE 247.8725000
ISOFÉTAMIDE 8.1500000
LAMBDA-CYHALOTHRINE 1.3551071
MANDESTROBINE 9.6000000
MECOPROP (D) DIMÉTHYLAMINE 88.2366667
MECOPROP (SELS D’AMINE) 13.5666667
MECOPROP-D AMINE 246.2694186
MECOPROP-D SELS POTASSIUM 2.2000000
MECOPROP-P AMINE 543.8606061
MECOPROP-P DIMÉTHYLAMINE 58.9700000
MECOPROP-P SELS POTASSIUM 194.4900000
MÉTALAXYL 16.6646000
MÉTALAXYL-M 8.0833333
MÉTALAXYL-M ET ISOMÈRE-S 0.0900000
METCONAZOLE 20.1000000
MYCLOBUTANIL 183.1515789
OXYCARBOXINE 82.5000000
PARAQUAT 0.2000000
PENTHIOPYRADE 10.2840000
PERMÉTHRINE 7.1266667
PHOSPHURE DE ZINC 111.2685185
PROPAMOCARBE (CHLORHYDRATE DE) 10.0866667
PROPICONAZOLE 93.5142890
PYRACLOSTROBINE 106.5394118
PYRÉTHRINES 0,2% 467.0000000
QUINTOZÈNE 576.0033438
SELS DE POTASSIUM D’ACIDE GRAS 20% 467.0000000
THIRAME 101.2500000
TRIFLOXYSTROBIN 14.6172537
TRINEXAPAC-ÉTHYLE 19.6300000
TRITICONAZOLE 393.7385714

Statistique d’indice de pression

##      Min.   1st Qu.    Median      Mean   3rd Qu.      Max. 
##    0.0017    1.7435    3.8751   19.8990   11.8146 2424.0000

Valeur aberrante de Quantity en fonction de la supperficie

Valeur aberrante de Quantity en fonction d’année

##  [1] 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
## 15 Levels: 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 ... 2017

Valeur aberrante de Quantity en fonction du type de pesticide

Il manque :

## [1] I  F  H  RO RC A 
## Levels: A DM F H I O RC RO

Valeur aberrante de Quantity en fonction de region

Il manque : 8, 9 et 11

##  [1] 15 6  13 14 16 17 5  1  2  7  4  3  12 10 11 8  9 
## Levels: 1 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Anova

Actual applied par Region

Region_1 <- subset(temp, temp$Region == 1)$`Actual applied ingredient rate (kg per 100 m2)`
Region_2 <- subset(temp, temp$Region == 2)$`Actual applied ingredient rate (kg per 100 m2)`
Region_3 <- subset(temp, temp$Region == 3)$`Actual applied ingredient rate (kg per 100 m2)`
Region_4 <- subset(temp, temp$Region == 4)$`Actual applied ingredient rate (kg per 100 m2)`
Region_5 <- subset(temp, temp$Region == 5)$`Actual applied ingredient rate (kg per 100 m2)`
Region_6 <- subset(temp, temp$Region == 6)$`Actual applied ingredient rate (kg per 100 m2)`
Region_7 <- subset(temp, temp$Region == 7)$`Actual applied ingredient rate (kg per 100 m2)`
Region_8 <- subset(temp, temp$Region == 8)$`Actual applied ingredient rate (kg per 100 m2)`
Region_9 <- subset(temp, temp$Region == 9)$`Actual applied ingredient rate (kg per 100 m2)`
Region_10 <- subset(temp, temp$Region == 10)$`Actual applied ingredient rate (kg per 100 m2)`
Region_11 <- subset(temp, temp$Region == 11)$`Actual applied ingredient rate (kg per 100 m2)`
Region_12 <- subset(temp, temp$Region == 12)$`Actual applied ingredient rate (kg per 100 m2)`
Region_13 <- subset(temp, temp$Region == 13)$`Actual applied ingredient rate (kg per 100 m2)`
Region_14 <- subset(temp, temp$Region == 14)$`Actual applied ingredient rate (kg per 100 m2)`
Region_15 <- subset(temp, temp$Region == 15)$`Actual applied ingredient rate (kg per 100 m2)`
Region_16 <- subset(temp, temp$Region == 16)$`Actual applied ingredient rate (kg per 100 m2)`
Region_17 <- subset(temp, temp$Region == 17)$`Actual applied ingredient rate (kg per 100 m2)`

region <- data.frame(cbind(Region_1, Region_2, Region_3, Region_4, Region_5, Region_6, Region_7, Region_8, Region_9, Region_10, Region_11, Region_12,
                           Region_13, Region_14, Region_15, Region_16, Region_17))

region_groupe <- stack(region)

res_Anva <-aov(values ~ ind, data = region_groupe)

summary(res_Anva)
##                 Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value              Pr(>F)    
## ind             16   9142   571.4   98.23 <0.0000000000000002 ***
## Residuals   168385 979452     5.8                                
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

La differance entre les groupes n’est pas significative selon le test de Fisher

Quantity par type de pesticide

A <- subset(temp, `Pesticide type` == "A")$`Quantity (Kg or L)`
f <- subset(temp, `Pesticide type` == "F")$`Quantity (Kg or L)`
H <- subset(temp, `Pesticide type` == "H")$`Quantity (Kg or L)`
I <- subset(temp, `Pesticide type` == "I")$`Quantity (Kg or L)`
O <- subset(temp, `Pesticide type` == "O")$`Quantity (Kg or L)`
RC <- subset(temp, `Pesticide type` == "RC")$`Quantity (Kg or L)`
RO <- subset(temp, `Pesticide type` == "RO")$`Quantity (Kg or L)`

type <- data.frame(cbind(A, f, H, I, O, RC, RO))
type_groupe <- stack(type)

res_Anva <-aov(values ~ ind, data = type_groupe)

summary(res_Anva)
##                 Df   Sum Sq Mean Sq F value              Pr(>F)    
## ind              6 25635288 4272548   17067 <0.0000000000000002 ***
## Residuals   173621 43464688     250                                
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

Regroupement des données

Clustering hiérarchique

Number of holes

1 2 3 4 5
Number of holes 18.8032787 20.866667 19.3846154 25.2000000 22.500000
Quantity (Kg or L) 22.3879672 43.161467 35.2600000 198.8000000 125.516667
Treated area (m2) 10294.7248770 56504.933333 26708.1452485 291766.6000000 189014.666667
Active ingredient concentration(%) 0.2390509 0.177292 0.3785897 0.1813546 0.190114
Active ingredient total(kg) 3.5363594 7.835329 12.4481841 41.6384614 59.863373
Actual applied ingredient rate (kg per 100 m2) 3.1968211 1.404688 4.7505904 1.3753208 3.527487
Max label rate (kg per 100 m2) 5.4277011 2.891122 8.9099477 6.1290503 3.729000

ACP

## **Results for the Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**
## The analysis was performed on 100 individuals, described by 7 variables
## *The results are available in the following objects:
## 
##    name               description                          
## 1  "$eig"             "eigenvalues"                        
## 2  "$var"             "results for the variables"          
## 3  "$var$coord"       "coord. for the variables"           
## 4  "$var$cor"         "correlations variables - dimensions"
## 5  "$var$cos2"        "cos2 for the variables"             
## 6  "$var$contrib"     "contributions of the variables"     
## 7  "$ind"             "results for the individuals"        
## 8  "$ind$coord"       "coord. for the individuals"         
## 9  "$ind$cos2"        "cos2 for the individuals"           
## 10 "$ind$contrib"     "contributions of the individuals"   
## 11 "$call"            "summary statistics"                 
## 12 "$call$centre"     "mean of the variables"              
## 13 "$call$ecart.type" "standard error of the variables"    
## 14 "$call$row.w"      "weights for the individuals"        
## 15 "$call$col.w"      "weights for the variables"